Political ads, analyzed

Political ads from the 2026 U.S. Senate and governor races — Facebook and Instagram ads from Meta's Ad Library, and video ads from the campaigns' and major groups' own YouTube channels — run through the same analysis as everything else on this site. Each ad lists the rhetorical techniques our model found in its words; press "Check this ad's claims" on any ad to see what cited sources say about what it asserts. 13519 ads analyzed so far.

Statewide ballot measures: the ballot wording and the official arguments for and against, read the same way. 146 measures in 39 states →

Ads paid for by federal agencies →
DHS's self-deportation campaign and others: what each ad cost, the contracts behind them, and the techniques in their words.

The words doing the work

Across every Senate race: the words that show up most in phrases our model flagged as loaded language or name calling, by number of ads, and the race that uses each most. The model picks them, not us.

  • corruption in 118 ads · most in Texas (23) · e.g. “clear out the corruption”
  • liberal in 91 ads · most in Alaska (37) · e.g. “Liberal politician Josh Turek”
  • politician in 88 ads · most in Iowa (25) · e.g. “Liberal politician Josh Turek”
  • trump in 88 ads · most in Minnesota (12) · e.g. “Trump lied”
  • MAGA in 82 ads · most in Iowa (22) · e.g. “my MAGA opponent”
  • agenda in 71 ads · most in New Hampshire (14) · e.g. “radical agenda”
  • radical in 71 ads · most in Michigan (14) · e.g. “radical”
  • illegal in 61 ads · most in Iowa (21) · e.g. “illegals”
  • extremist in 57 ads · most in Michigan (17) · e.g. “extremist”
  • billionaire in 56 ads · most in Minnesota (13) · e.g. “extremist billionaires”
  • clear in 54 ads · most in Texas (12) · e.g. “clear out the corruption”
  • corrupt in 54 ads · most in Texas (16) · e.g. “corrupt”

AS

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

Alabama

Alabama Senate

0 ads analyzed

Thomas Tuberville (REP), Barry Moore (REP), Dakarai Larriett (DEM), Everett Wess (DEM), Jared Hudson (REP), Kyle Sweetser (DEM), Mark Wheeler (DEM), Matthew Seth Burton (REP), Rodney Walker (REP), Steve Marshall (REP)

Alabama Governor

104 ads analyzed 61 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Tommy Tuberville (REP), Doug Jones (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Alaska

Alaska Senate

531 ads analyzed 199 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Dan Sullivan (REP), Daniel Sullivan (REP), Mary Peltola (DEM)

Alaska Governor

71 ads analyzed 26 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Jonathan Kreiss-Tomkins (DEM), Dave Bronson (REP), Treg Taylor (REP), Bernadette Wilson (REP), Tom Begich (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

Arizona

Arizona Governor

130 ads analyzed 61 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Katie Hobbs (DEM), Andy Biggs (REP), Risa Lombardo (GRE), Teri Hourihan (NLP)

Arizona House District 1

51 ads analyzed 25 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

David Schweikert (REP), Amish Shah (DEM), Brandon Sowers (REP), Brian Del Vecchio (DEM), Gina Swoboda (REP), John Trobough (REP), Jonathan Treble (DEM), Joseph Chaplik (REP), Mark Robert Gordon (DEM), Marlene Galan-Woods (DEM), Monica Alponte (LIB), Paul Reevs (REP), Rick McCartney (DEM), Jay Feely (REP)

Arizona House District 4

17 ads analyzed 13 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Greg Stanton (DEM), Alex Nicolas Stovall (REP), Jerone Davison (REP), Kai Newkirk (DEM), Zuhdi Jasser (REP)

Arizona House District 6

110 ads analyzed 42 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Juan Ciscomani (REP), Chris Donat (DEM), Jereme Peters (LIB), JoAnna Mendoza (DEM), Trevor Dickerson (IND)

House districts with no ads yet: 2 3 5 7 8 9

Arkansas

Arkansas Senate

0 ads analyzed

Thomas Cotton (REP), Ethan Dunbar Sr. (DEM), Hallie Shoffner (DEM), Jeb Little (REP), Jeffrey Francis Wadlin (LIB), Micah Ashby (REP)

Arkansas Governor

31 ads analyzed 22 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Sarah Huckabee Sanders (REP), Fredrick Love (DEM), Colt Shelby (LIB)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4

California

California Governor

58 ads analyzed 19 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Xavier Becerra (DEM), Steve Hilton (REP)

California House District 6

59 ads analyzed 15 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Kevin Kiley (OTH), Richard Pan (DEM), Lauren Babb Tomlinson (DEM), Martha Guerrero (DEM), Michael Stansfield (REP), Thien Ho (DEM), Tyler Vandenberg (DEM)

California House District 13

21 ads analyzed 14 with techniquesmost common: Card Stacking

Adam Gray (DEM), Javier Lopez (REP), Kevin Lincoln (REP), Vin Kruttiventi (REP)

California House District 22

133 ads analyzed 59 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

David Valadao (REP), Jasmeet Bains (DEM), Randy Villegas (DEM), Rudy Salas (DEM)

California House District 25

7 ads analyzed 1 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Raul Ruiz (DEM), Ceci Truman (REP), Joe Males (REP)

California House District 45

15 ads analyzed 11 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Derek Tran (DEM), Amy Phan West (REP), Charlie Nguyen (REP), Chuong Vo (REP), Mark Andrew Leonard (REP), Michelle Steel (REP), Tom Vo (REP)

California House District 48

47 ads analyzed 23 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Darrell Issa (REP), Abel Chavez (DEM), Ammar Campa-Najjar (DEM), Anuj Dixit (DEM), Brandon Riker (DEM), Corinna Contreras (DEM), Curtis Morrison (DEM), Ferguson Porter (DEM), Jim Desmond (REP), Marc Iannarino (DEM), Marni von Wilpert (DEM), Suzanne Till (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 47 49 50 51 52

Colorado

Colorado Senate

0 ads analyzed

John Hickenlooper (DEM), Bob Chew (OTH), Bob Chew (FWD), Brashad Hasley (DEM), George Washington Markert (REP), Janak Joshi (REP), Julie Gonzales (DEM), Karen Breslin (DEM), Mark Baisley (REP), Sean Pond (CON)

Colorado Governor

26 ads analyzed 13 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Phil Weiser (DEM), Victor Marx (REP), Eric Mulder (LIB), Stephen Hamilton (CON), Jeff Peckman (UNI), Erik Underwood (APV), Greg Lopez (IND)

Colorado House District 3

109 ads analyzed 31 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Jeff Hurd (REP), Alexander George Kelloff (DEM), Dwayne Romero (DEM), Hope Scheppelman (REP), Ron Hanks (REP)

Colorado House District 5

56 ads analyzed 29 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Jeff Crank (REP), Jessica Killin (DEM), Joseph Reagan (DEM), Matthew Cavanaugh (DEM), River Gassen (DEM), Zurit Zuriel Horowitz (DEM)

Colorado House District 8

129 ads analyzed 46 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Gabe Evans (REP), Adam Derito (REP), Amie Baca-Oehlert (DEM), Daniel Hassler (DEM), David Young (DEM), Evan Munsing (DEM), Manny Rutinel (DEM), Shannon Bird (DEM), Yadira Caraveo (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 4 6 7

Connecticut

Connecticut Governor

66 ads analyzed 12 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Ned Lamont (DEM), Ryan Fazio (REP)

Connecticut House District 2

25 ads analyzed 9 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Joe Courtney (DEM), George Austin (REP), Kyle Gauck (DEM), Mike France (REP)

Connecticut House District 5

7 ads analyzed 6 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Jahana Hayes (DEM), Chris Shea (REP), De Barros (REP), Michele Botelho (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 3 4

Delaware

Delaware Senate

0 ads analyzed

Christopher Coons (DEM), Christopher Beardsley (DEM), Mike Katz (REP), Jeffery Ryan Appelhans (DEM), John Shulli (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

District of Columbia

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

Florida

Florida Senate

153 ads analyzed 6 office videos55 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Ashley Moody (REP), Alan Mark Grayson (DEM), Alexander Vindman (DEM), Angie Nixon (DEM), Christopher Gleason (REP), Ernest Ernie John Rivera (REP), Hector Daniel Mujica (DEM), Jake Lang (REP), Joey Mendoza Atkins (DEM), Josh Weil (DEM), Joshua Weil (DEM), Neil Gillespie (NPA), Tamika Lyles (DEM)

Florida Governor

115 ads analyzed 51 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Byron Donalds (REP), David Jolly (DEM), Scott Jewett (LIB), Dean Abrams (IND), Charles Burkett (IND), Jeff Datto (IND), Moliere Dimanche (IND), Frank Russo (IND)

Florida House District 4

127 ads analyzed 24 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Aaron Bean (REP), Brittney Robinson (DEM), Eugene Daffah Sir Washington III (IND), LaShonda Holloway (DEM), Michael Kirwan (DEM), Mike Sell (OTH), Ricky Patric Knoles (DEM)

Florida House District 7

37 ads analyzed 10 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Cory Mills (REP), Bale Dalton (DEM), Christopher Dennison (LIB), Jennifer Adams (DEM), Marialana Kinter (DEM), Michael Johnson (REP), Ryan Elijah (REP), Sarah Ulrich (REP)

Florida House District 14

78 ads analyzed 47 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Kathy Castor (DEM), Aly Legge (REP), Batman Ergin Tek (REP), Bea Valenti (REP), Brian Lambert (LIB), Dan Weldon (REP), John Peters (REP), John Wick (REP), Kevin Steele (REP), Michael Marcel (REP), Mike Beltran (REP), Robert -Rocky- Rochford (REP), Shay Williams (REP)

Florida House District 22

38 ads analyzed 18 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Anna Medvedeva (REP), Belinda Keiser (REP), Casey Askar (REP), Dan Franzese (REP), David Burck (REP), Herbie Wertheim (REP), Kaysia Earley (DEM), Lev Parnas (IND), Michael Carbonara (REP), Michael Thompson (REP), Pia Dandiya (DEM), Sara Baxter (REP), Terri Hasdorff (REP)

Florida House District 25

89 ads analyzed 64 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Jared Moskowitz (DEM), Claudia Villatoro (REP), Dan Franzese (REP), George Moraitis (REP), Joe Kaufman (REP), Oliver Adams Larkin (DEM), Peter Jassenoff (LIB), Raven Harrison (REP), Scott Singer (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 27 28

GU

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

Georgia

Georgia Senate

176 ads analyzed 63 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Jon Ossoff (DEM), Buddy Carter (REP), John King (REP), Jonathan McColumn (REP), Mike Collins (REP)

Georgia Governor

258 ads analyzed 71 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Keisha Lance Bottoms (DEM), Rick Jackson (REP)

Georgia House District 2

4 ads analyzed 3 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Sanford Bishop (DEM), Matt Day (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Hawaii

Hawaii Governor

18 ads analyzed 8 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Josh Green (DEM), Gary Cordery (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2

Idaho

Idaho Senate

0 ads analyzed

Jim Risch (UNK), David Jordan Roth (DEM), Denny Lave (REP), Joe Evans (REP), Joshua Roy (REP), Todd Baker Achilles (IND)

Idaho Governor

52 ads analyzed 20 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Brad Little (REP), Terri Pickens (DEM), Pro-Life (CON), Paul Sand (LIB), John R. Stegner (IND)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2

Illinois

Illinois Senate

0 ads analyzed

Richard Durbin (DEM), Adam Delgado (DEM), Awisi Bustos (DEM), Bryan Maxwell (DEM), Casey Chlebek (REP), Christopher Alexander Swann (DEM), Don Tracy (REP), Douglas Bennett (REP), Jeannie Evans (REP), John Goodman (REP), Jonathan Dean (DEM), Juliana Stratton (DEM), Kevin Ryan (DEM), Pamela Long (REP), R Cary Capparelli (REP), Robin Kelly (DEM), S Krishnamoorthi (DEM), Sean Amedee Brown (DEM), Steve Botsford (DEM), Steve Schwartzberg (None), Whitfield Harrington Jr (IND)

Illinois Governor

127 ads analyzed 52 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

JB Pritzker (DEM), Darren Bailey (REP), Collin Corbett (IND)

Illinois House District 6

18 ads analyzed 18 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Sean Casten (DEM), Joseph Ruzevich (DEM), Niki Conforti (REP), Skylar Duensing (REP)

Illinois House District 8

56 ads analyzed 52 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

S. Raja Krishnamoorthi (DEM), Christ Kallas (DEM), Dan Tully (DEM), Jennifer Davis (REP), Junaid Ahmed (DEM), Kevin Morrison (DEM), Mark Rice (REP), Melissa Bean (DEM), Neil Khot (DEM), Ryan Vetticad (DEM), Sanjyot Dunung (DEM), Yasmeen Bankole (DEM)

Illinois House District 13

14 ads analyzed 5 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Nikki Budzinski (DEM), Dylan Thomas Blaha (DEM), Jeff Wilson (REP), Joshua Loyd (REP)

Illinois House District 14

23 ads analyzed 16 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Lauren Underwood (DEM), Gary Vician (REP), James Marter (REP), Jed Davis (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 15 16

Indiana

Indiana House District 1

17 ads analyzed 9 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Frank Mrvan (DEM), Barb Regnitz (REP), James Schenke (REP), Jennifer-Ruth Green (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Iowa

Iowa Senate

549 ads analyzed 192 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Joni Ernst (REP), Ashley Hinson (REP), Jackie Norris (DEM), James Scholten (DEM), Jim Carlin (REP), Josh Turek (DEM), Nathan Sage (DEM), Thomas Raymond Laehn (LIB)

Iowa Governor

182 ads analyzed 71 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Rob Sand (DEM), Zach Lahn (REP)

Iowa House District 1

149 ads analyzed 74 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Mariannette Miller-Meeks (REP), Christina Bohannan (DEM), David Pautsch (REP), Michael Bridgford (IND), Taylor Wettach (DEM), Travis Terrell (DEM)

Iowa House District 2

69 ads analyzed 34 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Charlie McClintock (REP), Clinton Gene Twedt-Ball (DEM), Dave Bushaw (IND), Joe Mitchell (REP), Kathryn Dolter (DEM), Kevin Techau (DEM), Lindsay James (DEM), Rodney Blum (REP), Shannon Lundgren (REP)

Iowa House District 3

92 ads analyzed 49 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Zach Nunn (REP), Jennifer Konfrst (DEM), Sarah Trone Garriott (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 4

Kansas

Kansas Senate

232 ads analyzed 105 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Roger Marshall (REP), Adam Hamilton (DEM), Christy Davis (DEM), Erik Murray (DEM), Jason Hart (DEM), Kevin Latz (DEM), Lois Anne Elizabeth Lea Parelkar (DEM), Noah Taylor (DEM), Patrick Schmidt (DEM), Sandy Spidel Neumann (DEM)

Kansas Governor

69 ads analyzed 31 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Cindy Holscher (DEM), Ty Masterson (REP)

Kansas House District 3

8 ads analyzed 2 with techniquesmost common: Appeal to Fear

Sharice Davids (DEM), Eric Jenkins (REP), Sarah Preu (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 4

Kentucky

Kentucky Senate

0 ads analyzed

Mitch McConnell (REP), Amy McGrath (DEM), Andy Barr (REP), Charles Booker (DEM), Dale Romans (DEM), Daniel Cameron (REP), Joel Willett (DEM), Logan Forsythe (DEM), Mike Faris (REP), Mike Faris (REP), Nate Morris (REP), Pamela Stevenson (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 6

Louisiana

Louisiana Senate

0 ads analyzed

Bill Cassidy (REP), Chris Holder (REP), Eric Skrmetta (REP), Gary Crockett (DEM), Jamie Davis (DEM), John Fleming Jr. (REP), Julia Letlow (REP), Julie Cathryn Emerson (REP), Kathy Seiden (REP), Mark Spencer (REP), Nicholas Albares (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 6

Maine

Maine Senate

887 ads analyzed 287 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Susan Collins (REP), Andrea Laflamme (DEM), Carmem Vincent Calabrese (REP), Carmen Vincent Calabrese (REP), Daira Rodriguez (DEM), Dan Kleban (DEM), David Alan Evans (IND), David Costello (DEM), Graham Platner (DEM), Janet Trafton Mills (DEM), Jordan Wood (DEM), Paige Loud (DEM), Phillip Rench (IND), Shenna Bellows (DEM), Tucker Favreau (DEM), Troy Jackson (DEM)

Maine Governor

132 ads analyzed 59 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Hannah Pingree (DEM), Bobby Charles (REP), Rick Bennett (IND)

Maine House District 2

25 ads analyzed 7 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Jared Golden (DEM), Joe Baldacci (DEM), Matthew Dunlap (DEM), Paul LePage (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1

Maryland

Maryland Governor

95 ads analyzed 46 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Wes Moore (DEM), Dan Cox (REP), Andy Ellis (GRE), Cathy White (WCP)

Maryland House District 6

15 ads analyzed 10 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

April McClain Delaney (DEM), Alexis Goldstein (DEM), Christopher Michael Burnett (REP), David Trone (DEM), Ethan Wechtaluk (DEM), George Gluck (DEM), Mariela Roca (REP), Neil Conrad Parrott (REP), Robin Ficker (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

Massachusetts

Massachusetts Senate

0 ads analyzed

Edward Markey (DEM), Alexander Rikleen (DEM), Joe Tache (OTH), John Deaton (REP), Morgan Gifford Dawicki (IND), Nathan Alexander Bech (REP), Seth Moulton (DEM), Shiva Ayyadurai (IND)

Massachusetts Governor

224 ads analyzed 81 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Maura Healey (DEM), Mike Minogue (REP), Andrea James (IND)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Michigan

Michigan Senate

473 ads analyzed 232 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Gary Peters (DEM), Abdul El-Sayed (DEM), Bernadette Smith (REP), Frederick Heurtebise (REP), Genevieve Scott (REP), Haley Stevens (DEM), Joseph Allen Tate (DEM), Mallory McMorrow (DEM), Mike Rogers (REP), Rachel Elizabeth Howard (DEM)

Michigan Governor

97 ads analyzed 46 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Jocelyn Benson (DEM), John James (REP), Anthony Hudson (LIB), Donna Brandenburg (UST), Douglas Campbell (GRE)

Michigan House District 3

5 ads analyzed 3 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Hillary Scholten (DEM), Michael Markey (REP), Ryan Cushman (REP), Terri DeBoer (REP)

Michigan House District 4

84 ads analyzed 45 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Bill Huizenga (REP), Diop Harris (DEM), Jessica Swartz (DEM), Sean McCann (DEM)

Michigan House District 7

123 ads analyzed 66 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Tom Barrett (REP), , Bridget Brink (DEM), Josh Cowen (DEM), Matt Maasdam (DEM), William Lawrence (DEM)

Michigan House District 8

18 ads analyzed 10 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Kristen McDonald Rivet (DEM), Alfred Lemmo (REP), Amir Hassan (REP), Thomas Smith (REP)

Michigan House District 10

79 ads analyzed 44 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

John James (REP), Alexander Hawkins (DEM), Christina Hines (DEM), Eric Chung (DEM), Justin Kirk (REP), Mike Bouchard (REP), Robert Lulgjuraj (REP), Steffan Demetropoulos (REP), Steven Elliott (REP), Tim Greimel (DEM), Tripp Adams (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 5 6 9 11 12 13

Minnesota

Minnesota Senate

241 ads analyzed 105 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Tina Smith (DEM), Adam Schwarze (REP), Angie Craig (DEM), David Hann (REP), Peggy Flanagan (DFL), Mark York (REP), Melisa Lopez Franzen (DEM), Michele Tafoya (REP), Royce White (REP), Tom Weiler (REP)

Minnesota Governor

199 ads analyzed 63 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Amy Klobuchar (DFL), Lisa Demuth (REP), Steven Young (GRE)

Minnesota House District 2

26 ads analyzed 9 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Eric Pratt (REP), Hugh McTavish (DFL), Jeremy Westby (REP), Kaela Jo Berg (DFL), Matt Klein (DEM), Matt Little (DFL), Tyler Kistner (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 3 4 5 6 7 8

Mississippi

Mississippi Senate

1 ad analyzed 1 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Cindy Hyde-Smith (REP), Priscilla Williams Till (DEM), Priscilla Williams Till (DEM), Sarah Adlakha (REP), Scott Colom (DEM), Ty Pinkins (IND)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4

Missouri

Missouri House District 2

41 ads analyzed 19 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Ann Wagner (REP), Charles David Summers (DEM), Elect Timothy Bilash M.d. (DEM), Fred Wellman (DEM), Joan Vondras (DEM), Nick Vivio (DEM), Ryan Sheridan (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 3 4 5 6 7 8

Montana

Montana Senate

223 ads analyzed 121 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Steve Daines (REP), Alani Ines Bankhead (DEM), Kurt Alme (REP), Lee Calhoun (REP), Michael Hummert (DEM), Michael James Blackwolf (DEM), Reilly Neill (DEM), Seth Bodnar (IND)

Montana House District 1

59 ads analyzed 20 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Ryan Zinke (REP), Aaron Flint (REP), Albert Olszewski (REP), Christi Jacobsen (REP), Matthew Rains (DEM), Russell Tyler Cleveland (DEM), Ryan Busse (DEM), Sam Forstag (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 2

Nebraska

Nebraska Senate

89 ads analyzed 4 office videos57 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Pete Ricketts (REP), Ben Sasse (REP), Cindy Burbank (DE), Dan Osborn (IND)

Nebraska Governor

23 ads analyzed 7 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Jim Pillen (REP), Lynne Walz (DEM), Brett Lindstrom (AFP), Rick Beard (LMN)

Nebraska House District 2

17 ads analyzed 8 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Don Bacon (REP), Brett Lindstrom (REP), Brinker Harding (REP), Crystal Rhoades (DEM), Denise Powell (DEM), James Leuschen (DEM), John Cavanaugh (DEM), Kishla Askins (DEM), Mark Johnston (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 3

Nevada

Nevada Governor

120 ads analyzed 61 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Joe Lombardo (REP), Aaron Ford (DEM), Danielle Ford (IND)

Nevada House District 1

32 ads analyzed 8 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Dina Titus (DEM), Alex Pereszlenyi (DEM), Bobby Khan (IND), Carrie Buck (REP), Jim Blockey (REP), Joy Hoover (DEM), Keith Hanoff (REP), Michael Boris (REP)

Nevada House District 4

47 ads analyzed 11 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Steven Horsford (DEM), Cody Whipple (REP), Ronda Kennedy (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 2 3

New Hampshire

New Hampshire Senate

276 ads analyzed 137 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Jeanne Shaheen (DEM), Chris Pappas (DEM), Dan Innis (REP), Jared Sullivan (DEM), John Sununu (REP), Karishma Manzur (DEM), Scott Brown (REP)

New Hampshire Governor

30 ads analyzed 12 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Kelly Ayotte (REP), Cinde Warmington (DEM), Stephen Villee (LIB)

New Hampshire House District 1

63 ads analyzed 31 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Anthony DiLorenzo (REP), Brian Cole (REP), Carleigh Beriont (DEM), Chris Bright (REP), Christian Urrutia (DEM), Elizabeth Girard (REP), Heath Howard (DEM), Hollie Noveletsky (REP), Lindsey Anderson (REP), Maura Sullivan (DEM), Melissa Bailey (REP), Sarah Chadzynski (DEM), Stefany Shaheen (DEM)

New Hampshire House District 2

22 ads analyzed 11 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Maggie Goodlander (DEM), Lily Tang Williams (REP), Paige Beauchemin (DEM), Victor Orlando (REP)

New Jersey

New Jersey Senate

0 ads analyzed

Cory Booker (DEM), Alex Zdan (REP), Justin Michael Ll.m. Murphy (REP), Michael Estrada (IND), Richard Jerome Tabor Sr (REP), Robert Lebovics (REP)

New Jersey House District 2

46 ads analyzed 22 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Jeff Van Drew (REP), Bayly Winder (DEM), Terri Reese (DEM), Timothy Alexander (DEM), Zack Mullock (DEM)

New Jersey House District 3

5 ads analyzed 1 with techniquesmost common: Black-and-White Fallacy

Herb Conaway (DEM), Jason Cullen (REP), Michael McGuire (REP)

New Jersey House District 7

55 ads analyzed 17 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Thomas Kean Jr. (REP), Beth Ellen Ph.d. Adubato (DEM), Brian Varela (DEM), Tina Shah (DEM), Gregory Vartan III (DEM), Lana Leguía (LIB), Megan O'Rourke (DEM), Michael Roth (DEM), Rebecca Bennett (DEM), Sara Sooy (DEM)

New Jersey House District 9

10 ads analyzed 5 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Nellie Pou (DEM), Rosie Pino (REP), Tiffany Burress (REP)

New Jersey House District 11

2 ads analyzed 1 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Analilia Mejia (DEM), Anna Lee Williams (DEM), Brendan Gill (DEM), Cammie Croft (DEM), Dean Dafis (DEM), Donald Cresitello (DEM), Jean-Louis Cauvin (DEM), Jeff Grayzel (DEM), Joe Hathaway (REP), John Bartlett (DEM), Joseph Lewis (DEM), Justin Strickland (DEM), Marc Chaaban (DEM), Tahesha Way (DEM), Tom Malinowski (DEM), Vincent Matrisciano (UN), Zach Beecher (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 4 8 10 12

New Mexico

New Mexico Governor

98 ads analyzed 52 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Deb Haaland (DEM), Gregg Hull (REP)

New Mexico House District 2

50 ads analyzed 21 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Gabe Vasquez (DEM), Greg Cunningham (REP), Jose Orozco (REP)

New Mexico House District 3

16 ads analyzed 9 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Teresa Leger Fernández (DEM), Martin Zamora (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1

New York

New York Governor

243 ads analyzed 125 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Kathy Hochul (DEM), Bruce Blakeman (REP)

New York House District 1

48 ads analyzed 14 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Nick LaLota (REP), Chris Gallant (DEM), Jonathan Jacobs (DEM), Lukas Ventouras (DEM)

New York House District 3

22 ads analyzed 10 with techniquesmost common: Exaggeration/Hyperbole

Tom Suozzi (DEM), Danielle Welch (DEM), Gregory Hach (REP), Mike LiPetri (REP)

New York House District 4

28 ads analyzed 12 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Blay Tarnoff (IND), Dennis McGrath (REP), Gian Jones (DEM), Jeanine Driscoll (REP), Kiana Bierria-Anderson (DEM), Laura Gillen (DEM), Marvin Suber Williams (REP), Taylor Darling (DEM)

New York House District 17

129 ads analyzed 46 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Mike Lawler (REP), Beth Davidson (DEM), Cait Conley (DEM), Effie Phillips-Staley (DEM), Jessica Reinmann (DEM), John Cappello (DEM), John Sullivan (DEM), Mike Sacks (DEM), Peter Chatzky (DEM)

New York House District 18

7 ads analyzed 2 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Pat Ryan (DEM), Jacqueline Auringer (REP)

New York House District 19

23 ads analyzed 14 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Josh Riley (DEM), Peter Oberacker (REP)

New York House District 22

7 ads analyzed 3 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

John Mannion (DEM), John Lemondes (REP), John Salka (REP), Kailee Buller (REP), Will Staton (IND)

House districts with no ads yet: 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 21 23 24 25 26

North Carolina

North Carolina Senate

111 ads analyzed 60 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Thom Tillis (REP), Don Brown (REP), Marcus Williams (DEM), Michael Whatley (REP), Michele Morrow (REP), Roy Cooper (DEM), Thomas Lee Johnson (REP), Wiley Nickel (DEM)

North Carolina House District 1

103 ads analyzed 66 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Don Davis (DEM), Asa Bryant Buck III (REP), Ashley Nicole Russell (REP), Bobby Hanig (REP), Laurie Buckhout (REP), Sandy Roberson (REP)

North Carolina House District 11

84 ads analyzed 21 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Chuck Edwards (REP), Adam Smith (REP), Chris Harjes (DEM), Richard Hudspeth (DEM), Jacob Lawrence (DEM), Jamie Ager (DEM), Moe Davis (DEM), Zelda Briarwood (DEM), Jennifer Balkcom (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14

North Dakota

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

Ohio

Ohio Senate

310 ads analyzed 11 office videos121 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Jon Husted (REP), Faris Write In (IND), Frederick Ode (DEM), Greg Levy (IND), Ron Kincaid (DEM), Sherrod Brown (DEM), William Redpath (LIB)

Ohio Governor

204 ads analyzed 103 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Amy Acton (DEM), Vivek Ramaswamy (REP), Don Kissick (LIB)

Ohio House District 1

25 ads analyzed 6 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Greg Landsman (DEM), Damon Lynch IV (DEM), Eric Conroy (REP), Holly Adams (REP), Rosemary Oglesby-Henry (REP), Steven Erbeck (REP)

Ohio House District 7

65 ads analyzed 25 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Max Miller (REP), Brian Poindexter (DEM), Ed Fitzgerald (DEM), Jonah Schulz (REP), Laura Rodriguez-Carbone (DEM), Michael Eisner (DEM), Scott Schulz (DEM)

Ohio House District 9

100 ads analyzed 54 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Marcy Kaptur (DEM), Alea Nadeem (REP), Anthony Bruce Campbell (REP), Derek Merrin (REP), Josh Williams (REP), Madison Sheahan (REP), Wayne Kinsel (REP)

Ohio House District 10

28 ads analyzed 8 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Mike Turner (REP), Jan Kinner (DEM), Janice Beckett (DEM), Kristina Knickerbocker (DEM), Tony Pombo (DEM)

Ohio House District 13

33 ads analyzed 9 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Emilia Sykes (DEM), Carey Coleman (REP), Kevin Coughlin (REP), Kevin Siembida (REP), Margaret Elizabeth Briem (REP), Niranjan Neil Patel (REP), Sandeep Dixit (IND)

Ohio House District 15

105 ads analyzed 23 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Mike Carey (REP), Adam Clay Miller (DEM), Don Leonard (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 2 3 4 5 6 8 11 12 14

Oklahoma

Oklahoma Senate

0 ads analyzed

Markwayne Mullin (REP), Brian Ragain (REP), Ervin Stone Yen (DEM), Gary Ty England (REP), James Inhofe (REP), Jim Priest (DEM), Kevin Hern (REP), N'Kiyla Jasmine Ann Thomas (DEM), Ron Meinhardt (IND), Tammy Swearengin (REP), Troy Wesley Green (DEM)

Oklahoma Governor

130 ads analyzed 51 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Mike Mazzei (REP), Cyndi Munson (DEM), Robert Brooks (IND), Orlando Lynn Bush (IND), Jerry Griffin (IND)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5

Oregon

Oregon Senate

0 ads analyzed

Jeffrey Alan Merkley (DEM), David Brock Smith (REP), Jo Rae Perkins (REP)

Oregon Governor

93 ads analyzed 49 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Tina Kotek (DEM), Christine Drazan (REP), Brett Smith (GRE)

Oregon House District 5

10 ads analyzed 5 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Janelle Bynum (DEM), Jonathan Lockwood (REP), Patti Adair (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 6

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Governor

141 ads analyzed 16 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Josh Shapiro (DEM), Stacy Garrity (REP), Ken Krawchuk (LIB)

Pennsylvania House District 1

99 ads analyzed 69 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Brian Fitzpatrick (REP), Bob Harvie (DEM), Lucia Dora Simonelli (DEM), Mike Z (DEM), Rob Strickler (DEM), Tracy Hunt (DEM)

Pennsylvania House District 7

130 ads analyzed 66 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Ryan Mackenzie (REP), Bob Brooks (DEM), Carol Obando-Derstine (DEM), Lamont McClure (DEM), Mark Pinsley (DEM), Ryan Crosswell (DEM)

Pennsylvania House District 10

83 ads analyzed 51 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Scott Perry (REP), Isabelle Harman (IND), Janelle Stelson (DEM), Justin Douglas (DEM), Karen Lynn Dalton (REP)

Pennsylvania House District 17

19 ads analyzed 5 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Chris Deluzio (DEM), Jesse James Vodvarka (REP), Tony Guy (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 2 3 4 5 6 9 11 12 13 14 15 16

Rhode Island

Rhode Island Senate

0 ads analyzed

John Reed (DEM), Connor Burbridge (DEM), Michael Bahry (IND), Raymond Tyler McKay (REP)

Rhode Island Governor

27 ads analyzed 14 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Helena Foulkes (DEM), Aaron Guckian (REP), Ken Block (IND), Jasjit Gotra (IND), Christopher Reynolds (IND)

Rhode Island House District 2

50 ads analyzed 29 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Seth Magaziner (DEM), Stephen Skoly (REP), Vic Mellor (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1

South Carolina

South Carolina Senate

2 ads analyzed 2 with techniquesmost common: Appeal to Fear

Lindsey Graham (REP), Andre Bauer (REP), Brandon Brown (DEM), Calvin Cowen (REP), Darline Graham (REP), Annie Andrews (DEM), Duke Buckner (REP), Glenda Gail Parker (REP), Kasie Whitener (LIB), Kyle Freeman (DEM), Lee Johnson (DEM), Mark Lynch (REP), Marshall Sanford (REP), Patrick Herrmann (REP), Paul Dans (REP), Ralph Norman (REP), Russell Fry (REP), Thomas Dismukes (REP)

South Carolina Governor

32 ads analyzed 9 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Alan Wilson (REP), Jermaine Johnson (DEM), Walid Hakim (GRE), Michael Addison (UCP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

South Dakota

South Dakota Senate

0 ads analyzed

Mike Rounds (REP), Brian Bengs (IND), Julian Beaudion (DEM), Justin McNeal (REP)

South Dakota Governor

5 ads analyzed 2 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Larry Rhoden (REP), Dan Ahlers (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

Tennessee

Tennessee Senate

0 ads analyzed

Bill Hagerty (REP), David Sutman Jr (IND), Maria Brewer (DEM)

Tennessee Governor

142 ads analyzed 97 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Marsha Blackburn (REP), Jerri Green (DEM), Misam Abidi (IND), Dean Brewer (IND), Ray Brown (IND), David Hatley (IND), Wendell Jackson (IND), Charles Van Morgan (IND), Eddie Lee Murphy (IND), Lauren Pinkston (IND), Victor L. Scoggin (IND), Dave Seeman (IND), Karl Knox Smithson (IND), L. Webb Taylor (IND), Robert C. Vick (IND)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Texas

Texas Senate

308 ads analyzed 137 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

John Cornyn (REP), Colin Allred (DEM), Daniel Sims (LIB), Gulrez Gus Khan (REP), Jade Simmons (IND), James Talarico (DEM), Jasmine Crockett (DEM), Ken Paxton (REP), Michael Swanson (DEM), Sara Larue Canady (REP), Theodore Brown Jr. (LIB), Virgil Bierschwale (REP), Wesley Hunt (REP)

Texas Governor

156 ads analyzed 74 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Greg Abbott (REP), Gina Hinojosa (DEM), Pat Dixon (LIB)

Texas House District 28

36 ads analyzed 12 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Henry Cuellar (DEM), Juan Esparza (REP), Ricardo Villarreal (DEM), Tano Tijerina (REP)

Texas House District 34

81 ads analyzed 44 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Vicente Gonzalez (DEM), Bam Morales (REP), Eric Flores (REP), Etienne Rosas (DEM), Fred Hinojosa (REP), Gregory Kunkle (REP), Jay Nagy (REP), Keith Allen (REP), Luis Buentello (REP), Mauro Garza (REP), Mayra Flores (REP), Scott Mandel (REP)

Texas House District 35

31 ads analyzed 9 with techniquesmost common: Name Calling

Carlos De La Cruz (REP), Commander Jay Furman (REP), John Lira (DEM), John Lujan (REP), Johnny Garcia (DEM), Josh Cortez (REP), Maureen Galindo (DEM), Randy Adams (REP), Ryan Krause (REP), Steven William Wright (REP), Vanessa Hicks-Callaway (REP), Whitney Masterson-Moyes (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 32 33 36 37 38

Utah

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 3 4

VI

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

Vermont

Vermont Governor

117 ads analyzed 41 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Phil Scott (REP), Amanda Janoo (DEM), Dean Roy (FU), June Goodband (PJ), Brian Judd (IND)

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

Virginia

Virginia Senate

0 ads analyzed

Mark Robert Warner (DEM), Alex De Paula (REP), Bert Mizusawa (REP), Bryce Reeves (REP), Chuck Smith (REP), David Earl Williams (REP), Gregory Eichelberger (DEM), Kim Farington (REP), Lorita Daniels (DEM)

Virginia House District 1

56 ads analyzed 25 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Rob Wittman (REP), Amanda Pohl (DEM), Andrew Lucchetti (DEM), Elizabeth Dempsey Beggs (DEM), Ericka Kopp (DEM), Jason Knapp (DEM), Lisa Vedernikova Khanna (DEM), Mel Tull (DEM), Salaam Bhatti (DEM), Sean Sublette (DEM), Shannon Taylor (DEM), Tim Cywinski (DEM)

Virginia House District 2

175 ads analyzed 77 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Jen Kiggans (REP), Bill Fleming (DEM), Elaine Luria (DEM), James Osyf (DEM), Matt Strickler (DEM), Michael Williamson (DEM), Nicolaus Sleister (DEM), Nila Devanath (DEM), Patrick Mosolf (DEM)

Virginia House District 7

37 ads analyzed 15 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Eugene Vindman (DEM), Adele McClure (DEM), Dan Helmer (DEM), Darius Mayfield (REP), Dorothy McAuliffe (DEM), Doug Ollivant (REP), Elizabeth Guzman (DEM), John Gray (REP), Joseph Patrick Cooney (DEM), Joseph Schiarizzi (DEM), Philip Harding (REP), Saddam Salim (DEM), Tara Anne Durant (REP), Waverly Washington (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11

Washington

Washington House District 3

123 ads analyzed 31 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (DEM), Antony Barran (REP), Brent William Hennrich (DEM), John Braun (REP), Troy Austin Rasband (DEM)

Washington House District 5

24 ads analyzed 7 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Michael Baumgartner (REP), Aaron Croft (IND), Ann Marie Danimus (IND), Bajun Mavalwalla (DEM), Carmela Conroy (DEM), David Womack (DEM), Kevin Fagan (DEM), Kyle Usrey (IND), Nate Powell (IND), Richard Freudenberg (DEM)

Washington House District 8

27 ads analyzed 13 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Kim Schrier (DEM), Andres Valleza (REP), Bob Hagglund (REP), Spencer Meline (REP), Trinh Ha (REP)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2 4 6 7 9 10

West Virginia

West Virginia Senate

0 ads analyzed

Shelley Moore Capito (REP), Janet McNulty (REP), Jonathan Derrick Evans (REP), Rachel Lee Fetty Anderson (DEM), Rio Phillips (IND), Thomas Edward Willis II (REP), Zachary Shrewsbury (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 1 2

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Governor

405 ads analyzed 153 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Tom Tiffany (REP), David Crowley (DEM)

Wisconsin House District 1

74 ads analyzed 20 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Bryan Steil (REP), Adam Follmer (DEM), Lorenzo Juan Santos (DEM), Miguel Aranda (DEM), Mitchell Berman (DEM), Peter Burgelis (DEM), Randy Bryce (DEM)

Wisconsin House District 3

111 ads analyzed 54 with techniquesmost common: Loaded Language

Derrick Van Orden (REP), Emily Berge (DEM), Laura Benjamin (DEM), Rebecca Cooke (DEM)

House districts with no ads yet: 2 4 5 6 7 8

Wyoming

Wyoming Senate

0 ads analyzed

Cynthia Marie Lummis (REP), Harriet Hageman (REP), James Willard Byrd (DEM), Jimmy Skovgard (REP), Reid Rasner (REP), Samuel Mead (REP)

Wyoming Governor

35 ads analyzed 17 with techniquesmost common: Glittering Generalities

Eric Barlow (REP), Ken Casner (DEM), Rebecca Bextel (CON)

House districts with no ads yet: At-Large

How this index is built

  • Video ads come from the campaigns' and major groups' own YouTube channels, transcribed and analyzed on the spoken words. Meta ads come from Meta's Ad Library, which every political advertiser on Facebook and Instagram is required to file with, searched for each candidate and campaign committee on the 2026 federal ballot as listed by the FEC.
  • An ad is listed under a race when its own "Paid for by" line names a campaign in that race, or when it names the candidate and was shown mostly in that state.
  • The paid-for-by line is shown exactly as the advertiser filed it. Spend and impressions are the ranges Meta reports.
  • Video ads are analyzed on their transcript; Meta ads on their text. Images are not analyzed.
  • Claims are checked when a reader asks — press "Check this ad's claims" on an ad. Running a check and seeing its verdicts are part of Semblen Pro, because each check costs money to run; anyone can see which claims an ad makes. Each race's ten highest-spend ads are checked ahead of time. It is the same claim checker news articles go through. Everything said in an ad is treated as the sponsor's own claim. Supported and unverifiable claims are shown with their sources. A verdict that says an ad is wrong or misleading is shown only when it cites an established fact-checker or an institutional record — Congress, a federal agency, a court — and its confidence is not low; a weaker one is shown as unverifiable, saying why. Each verdict shows what it rests on, its confidence, and Agree / Disagree buttons; a verdict readers dispute and no one defends comes down. Ads in languages other than English are not analyzed.
  • Videos from an officeholder's official channel are not ads: they are publicly funded and may not contain campaign content. They are shown in their own section on a race page, analyzed for techniques, left out of every ad count, and not claim-checked.
  • The same text run by the same sponsor as many separate ads is shown once, with the number of variants; its dates, spend and impressions are for all of them together.
  • House districts are listed, but few House campaigns have ads in the index yet.
  • Governor races are state offices, so the FEC has no record of them: their candidates come from each state's certified ballot list (or Ballotpedia where the state's list could not be read), linked on each page, and their pages show no money figures. Their Meta ads are searched by the nominees' names and campaign committees, and the nominees' campaign YouTube channels are watched from October 1 (the ones the campaigns' own sites link to).
  • The ZIP lookup uses the Census Bureau's ZIP-to-district file. ZIP codes cross district lines, so more than one House district can appear.

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